When to scout for BCW caterpillars is based on the accumulation of degree days after a “peak flight” of moths occurs. Scouting is essential to determine if an insecticide application will be cost effective as these pests are sporadic in nature. Emerging BCW larvae feed on winter annual weeds, cover crops and seedling corn leaves. Minnesota has also reported few captures this year, so Iowa is not the only state avoiding major moth flights so far in 2017.īlack cutworm moths arrive in Iowa with spring storms and lay eggs in and around fields. Despite what is being observed in states to the east (Illinois, Wisconsin and Indiana), there have been relatively few captures in Iowa. These antennae-enriched OBPs, CSPs, ORs, IRs and SNMPs were suggested to be responsible for pheromone and general odorant detection and thus could be meaningful target genes for us to study their biological functions in vivo and in vitro.This is the time of year when calls about black cutworm (BCW) scouting dates start to roll in, especially when Corn Belt states to the east have reported high moth numbers in traps. Furthermore, one OBP ( AipsOBP6) and one CSP ( AipsCSP2) were exclusively expressed in the female sex pheromone gland. ipsilon antennal transcriptomes, and further RT-PCR and RT-qPCR revealed that 22 OBPs, 3 CSPs, 35 ORs, 14 IRs and the 2 SNMPs are uniquely or primarily expressed in the male and female antennae. In total, 33 OBPs, 12 CSPs, 42 ORs, 24 IRs, 2 SNMPs and 1 gustatory receptor (GR) were annotated from the A. In this study, we report the identification and differential expression profiles of these olfactory genes in the black cutworm moth Agrotis ipsilon.
The identification and functional characterization of these olfactory proteins will enhance our knowledge of the molecular basis of insect chemoreception. Several groups of olfactory proteins participate in the odorant detection process, including odorant binding proteins (OBPs), chemosensory proteins (CSPs), odorant receptors (ORs), ionotropic receptors (IRs) and sensory neuron membrane proteins (SNMPs). Insects use their sensitive and selective olfactory system to detect outside chemical odorants, such as female sex pheromones and host plant volatiles.
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